Glutaredoxin 1 regulates macrophage polarization through mediating glutathionylation of STAT1.
Identifieur interne : 000069 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000068; suivant : 000070Glutaredoxin 1 regulates macrophage polarization through mediating glutathionylation of STAT1.
Auteurs : Lijuan Guo [République populaire de Chine] ; Shanze Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Qingrong Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Hongyu Ren [République populaire de Chine] ; Yuhao Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Junyue Pan [République populaire de Chine] ; Yuhan Luo [République populaire de Chine] ; Tongzhou Cai [République populaire de Chine] ; Ruofan Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Junli Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Yi Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiaoying Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Ning Huang [République populaire de Chine] ; Jingyu Li [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Thoracic cancer [ 1759-7714 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Macrophage polarization affects tumor growth, metabolism, and many other tumor processes. M1 macrophages can promote antitumor immunity response. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is one of the critical transcription factors in this process, which promotes the expression of a series of inflammatory molecules. STAT1 has been reported as a potential target of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced glutathionylation, while the glutathionylation of STAT1 in macrophages and its underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) functions as a deglutathionylation enzyme, which regulates the activities of many proteins through reversing glutathionylation.
METHODS
GeneChip and RT-qPCR was first applied to test the mRNA level of Grx1 in M1 macrophages. Western blot was then used to evaluate the variations of the Grx1 protein expression in M1 macrophages. Next, immunoprecipitation was used to investigate the glutathionylated STAT1 in both wild-type and Grx1
RESULTS
In M1-type macrophages, the levels of Grx1 were elevated. Glutathionylation of STAT1 was negatively regulated by Grx1. Furthermore, depletion of Grx1 increased the activity of STAT1, and thereby promoted the mRNA level of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) during M1-type polarization of macrophages.
CONCLUSIONS
Grx1 controlled deglutathionylation of STAT1, which in turn might regulate M1-type polarization of macrophages.
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13647
PubMed: 32893965
PubMed Central: PMC7529579
Affiliations:
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sort="Pan, Junyue" uniqKey="Pan J" first="Junyue" last="Pan">Junyue Pan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Yuhan" sort="Luo, Yuhan" uniqKey="Luo Y" first="Yuhan" last="Luo">Yuhan Luo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Tongzhou" sort="Cai, Tongzhou" uniqKey="Cai T" first="Tongzhou" last="Cai">Tongzhou Cai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Ruofan" sort="Liu, Ruofan" uniqKey="Liu R" first="Ruofan" last="Liu">Ruofan Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Junli" sort="Chen, Junli" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Junli" last="Chen">Junli Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yi" sort="Wang, Yi" 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Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Ning" sort="Huang, Ning" uniqKey="Huang N" first="Ning" last="Huang">Ning Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Jingyu" sort="Li, Jingyu" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jingyu" last="Li">Jingyu Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32893965</idno><idno type="pmid">32893965</idno><idno type="doi">10.1111/1759-7714.13647</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7529579</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000027</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000027</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000027</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000027</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000027</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Glutaredoxin 1 regulates macrophage polarization through mediating glutathionylation of STAT1.</title><author><name sortKey="Guo, Lijuan" sort="Guo, Lijuan" uniqKey="Guo L" first="Lijuan" last="Guo">Lijuan Guo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Shanze" sort="Chen, Shanze" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Shanze" last="Chen">Shanze Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Qingrong" sort="Liu, Qingrong" uniqKey="Liu Q" first="Qingrong" last="Liu">Qingrong Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, Hongyu" sort="Ren, Hongyu" uniqKey="Ren H" first="Hongyu" last="Ren">Hongyu Ren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yuhao" sort="Li, Yuhao" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yuhao" last="Li">Yuhao Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pan, Junyue" sort="Pan, Junyue" uniqKey="Pan J" first="Junyue" last="Pan">Junyue Pan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Yuhan" sort="Luo, Yuhan" uniqKey="Luo Y" first="Yuhan" last="Luo">Yuhan Luo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Tongzhou" sort="Cai, Tongzhou" uniqKey="Cai T" first="Tongzhou" last="Cai">Tongzhou Cai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Ruofan" sort="Liu, Ruofan" uniqKey="Liu R" first="Ruofan" last="Liu">Ruofan Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Junli" sort="Chen, Junli" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Junli" last="Chen">Junli Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yi" sort="Wang, Yi" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yi" last="Wang">Yi Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Xiaoying" sort="Wang, Xiaoying" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xiaoying" last="Wang">Xiaoying Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Ning" sort="Huang, Ning" uniqKey="Huang N" first="Ning" last="Huang">Ning Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Jingyu" sort="Li, Jingyu" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jingyu" last="Li">Jingyu Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chengdu</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Thoracic cancer</title><idno type="eISSN">1759-7714</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Macrophage polarization affects tumor growth, metabolism, and many other tumor processes. M1 macrophages can promote antitumor immunity response. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is one of the critical transcription factors in this process, which promotes the expression of a series of inflammatory molecules. STAT1 has been reported as a potential target of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced glutathionylation, while the glutathionylation of STAT1 in macrophages and its underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) functions as a deglutathionylation enzyme, which regulates the activities of many proteins through reversing glutathionylation.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>GeneChip and RT-qPCR was first applied to test the mRNA level of Grx1 in M1 macrophages. Western blot was then used to evaluate the variations of the Grx1 protein expression in M1 macrophages. Next, immunoprecipitation was used to investigate the glutathionylated STAT1 in both wild-type and Grx1</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>In M1-type macrophages, the levels of Grx1 were elevated. Glutathionylation of STAT1 was negatively regulated by Grx1. Furthermore, depletion of Grx1 increased the activity of STAT1, and thereby promoted the mRNA level of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) during M1-type polarization of macrophages.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Grx1 controlled deglutathionylation of STAT1, which in turn might regulate M1-type polarization of macrophages.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Data-Review" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32893965</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>06</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1759-7714</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>11</Volume><Issue>10</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Oct</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Thoracic cancer</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Thorac Cancer</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Glutaredoxin 1 regulates macrophage polarization through mediating glutathionylation of STAT1.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>2966-2974</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111/1759-7714.13647</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Macrophage polarization affects tumor growth, metabolism, and many other tumor processes. M1 macrophages can promote antitumor immunity response. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is one of the critical transcription factors in this process, which promotes the expression of a series of inflammatory molecules. STAT1 has been reported as a potential target of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced glutathionylation, while the glutathionylation of STAT1 in macrophages and its underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) functions as a deglutathionylation enzyme, which regulates the activities of many proteins through reversing glutathionylation.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">GeneChip and RT-qPCR was first applied to test the mRNA level of Grx1 in M1 macrophages. Western blot was then used to evaluate the variations of the Grx1 protein expression in M1 macrophages. Next, immunoprecipitation was used to investigate the glutathionylated STAT1 in both wild-type and Grx1<sup>-/-</sup> mouse macrophages. Finally, the induced alterations of STAT1 activity and function by Grx1 in M1 macrophage were examined by western blot and RT-qPCR.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">In M1-type macrophages, the levels of Grx1 were elevated. Glutathionylation of STAT1 was negatively regulated by Grx1. Furthermore, depletion of Grx1 increased the activity of STAT1, and thereby promoted the mRNA level of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) during M1-type polarization of macrophages.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Grx1 controlled deglutathionylation of STAT1, which in turn might regulate M1-type polarization of macrophages.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2020 The Authors. Thoracic Cancer published by China Lung Oncology Group and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guo</LastName><ForeName>Lijuan</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Shanze</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Qingrong</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ren</LastName><ForeName>Hongyu</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Yuhao</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pan</LastName><ForeName>Junyue</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Luo</LastName><ForeName>Yuhan</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cai</LastName><ForeName>Tongzhou</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Ruofan</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Junli</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Yi</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Xiaoying</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huang</LastName><ForeName>Ning</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Jingyu</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0997-9115</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>31401188</GrantID><Agency>National Natural Science Foundation of China</Agency><Country></Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>81470931</GrantID><Agency>National Natural Science Foundation of China</Agency><Country></Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>2016SCU04A08</GrantID><Agency>Science Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of Sichuan University Grant</Agency><Country></Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>2018RCTJ04</GrantID><Agency>Sichuan Association for Science and Technology</Agency><Country></Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>C2019106935</GrantID><Agency>Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Sichuan University</Agency><Country></Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>C2020113908</GrantID><Agency>Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Sichuan 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IdType="pubmed">31863907</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li></country><region><li>Guangdong</li></region><settlement><li>Shenzhen</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Guo, Lijuan" sort="Guo, Lijuan" uniqKey="Guo L" first="Lijuan" last="Guo">Lijuan Guo</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cai, Tongzhou" sort="Cai, Tongzhou" uniqKey="Cai T" first="Tongzhou" last="Cai">Tongzhou Cai</name><name sortKey="Chen, Junli" sort="Chen, Junli" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Junli" last="Chen">Junli Chen</name><name sortKey="Chen, Shanze" sort="Chen, Shanze" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Shanze" last="Chen">Shanze Chen</name><name sortKey="Chen, Shanze" sort="Chen, Shanze" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Shanze" last="Chen">Shanze Chen</name><name sortKey="Huang, Ning" sort="Huang, Ning" uniqKey="Huang N" first="Ning" last="Huang">Ning Huang</name><name 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